{"id":8527,"date":"2020-01-22T10:36:40","date_gmt":"2020-01-22T10:36:40","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.unity.si\/standard-work-instructions-and-standard-operation-procedures\/"},"modified":"2021-03-19T08:47:39","modified_gmt":"2021-03-19T08:47:39","slug":"standardne-pracovne-pokyny-a-standardne-pracovne-postupy","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/rewo.io\/sk\/standard-work-instructions-and-standard-operation-procedures\/","title":{"rendered":"\u0160tandardn\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 in\u0161trukcie a \u0161tandardn\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 postupy"},"content":{"rendered":"

Prejdite sa po akejko\u013evek v\u00fdrobnej hale a v\u0161imnete si starostlivo vypracovan\u00e9 dokumenty, ktor\u00e9 pom\u00e1haj\u00fa pracovn\u00edkom dosahova\u0165 ich ka\u017edodenn\u00e9 ciele. \u0160tandardn\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 postupy a \u0161tandardn\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 in\u0161trukcie s\u00fa k\u013e\u00fa\u010dom k \u00faspechu vo v\u00fdrobe. Mo\u017eno ich vylep\u0161ova\u0165 prostredn\u00edctvom rev\u00edzi\u00ed dokumentov, auditov, disciplinovan\u00e9ho procesu rie\u0161enia probl\u00e9mov a predov\u0161etk\u00fdm pr\u00edspevkov odborn\u00edkov, ktor\u00ed \u00falohy vykon\u00e1vaj\u00fa. S\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e1 dokument\u00e1cia by mala by\u0165 v\u00fdchodiskov\u00fdm bodom pre v\u0161etky zlep\u0161enia. Pred vytvoren\u00edm nov\u00e9ho dokumentu v\u017edy vylep\u0161ujte existuj\u00facu dokument\u00e1ciu. Objem sa nerovn\u00e1 neust\u00e1lemu zlep\u0161ovaniu. Mnoho \u013eud\u00ed si mysl\u00ed, \u017ee prev\u00e1dzkov\u00e9 postupy a pracovn\u00e9 in\u0161trukcie s\u00fa zamenite\u013en\u00e9 pojmy, ale pravda je in\u00e1.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u010co s\u00fa to \u0161tandardn\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 pokyny?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0160tandardizovan\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 in\u0161trukcie (SWI) s\u00fa in\u0161trukcie ur\u010den\u00e9 na zabezpe\u010denie konzistentnosti, v\u010dasnosti a opakovate\u013enosti va\u0161ich v\u00fdrobn\u00fdch procesov. \u0160tandardn\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 pokyny s\u00fa \u010dasto vytla\u010den\u00e9 a vyvesen\u00e9 v bl\u00edzkosti pracoviska oper\u00e1tora. Ide o to, aby ved\u00faci t\u00edmov a mana\u017e\u00e9ri sledovali, \u010di oper\u00e1tori pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa a vedia pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 in\u0161trukcie - \u010do je nie\u010do naj\u0165a\u017e\u0161ie v celom procese.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Vypracovanie SWI si vy\u017eaduje \u010das a \u00fasilie. Mali by uv\u00e1dza\u0165 optim\u00e1lne kroky na vykonanie procesu. \u0160tandardn\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 in\u0161trukcie s\u00fa logick\u00fdm vy\u00fasten\u00edm in\u00fdch iniciat\u00edv na zlep\u0161ovanie procesov. S\u00fa u\u017eito\u010dn\u00e9 aj pri neskor\u0161\u00edch projektoch zlep\u0161ovania procesov. Bez SWI sa oper\u00e1tori a ich nadriaden\u00ed musia spolieha\u0165 na kolekt\u00edvnu pam\u00e4\u0165, aby mohli pokra\u010dova\u0165 vo vykon\u00e1van\u00ed procesu optim\u00e1lnym sp\u00f4sobom. SWI nenahr\u00e1dzaj\u00fa \u00favodn\u00e9 \u0161kolenie<\/a>, ale posil\u0148uj\u00fa to, \u010do sa nau\u010dili. Oper\u00e1tor m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 urazen\u00fd z toho, \u017ee vid\u00ed pokyny ka\u017ed\u00fd de\u0148 svojho (alebo svojho) pracovn\u00e9ho \u017eivota. Tieto pokyny s\u00fa skuto\u010dne na prospech nadriaden\u00e9ho, ktor\u00fd m\u00f4\u017ee r\u00fdchlo zisti\u0165 nezrovnalosti medzi \u010dinnos\u0165ou oper\u00e1tora a vyvesen\u00fdmi pokynmi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je d\u00f4le\u017eit\u00e9 pravidelne kontrolova\u0165 a aktualizova\u0165 SWI pre ka\u017ed\u00fa \u00falohu. Organiz\u00e1cia, ktor\u00e1 vyu\u017e\u00edva pr\u00edstup kaizen na neust\u00e1le zlep\u0161ovanie, vytvor\u00ed lep\u0161ie sp\u00f4soby vykon\u00e1vania \u00faloh. Jedn\u00fdm z aspektov realiz\u00e1cie t\u00fdchto zlep\u0161en\u00ed je aktualiz\u00e1cia SWI. V re\u00e1lnom \u017eivote in\u0161trukcie zostarn\u00fa v tom istom okamihu, ke\u010f boli vytvoren\u00e9, tak\u017ee je potrebn\u00e9 ich neust\u00e1le zlep\u0161ova\u0165.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"Pr\u00edklad<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Ak\u00e9 s\u00fa \u0161tandardn\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00e9 postupy?<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

\u0160tandardn\u00e9 opera\u010dn\u00e9 postupy (SOP) s\u00fa p\u00edsomn\u00e9 pokyny krok za krokom, ktor\u00e9 opisuj\u00fa, ako vykona\u0165 rutinn\u00fa \u010dinnos\u0165. SOP je postup \u0161pecifick\u00fd pre dan\u00fa oper\u00e1ciu, ktor\u00fd opisuje \u010dinnosti potrebn\u00e9 na dokon\u010denie \u00faloh v s\u00falade s priemyseln\u00fdmi predpismi, provin\u010dn\u00fdmi z\u00e1konmi alebo dokonca len s va\u0161imi vlastn\u00fdmi normami pre vedenie podniku. Do kateg\u00f3rie postupov patr\u00ed ak\u00fdko\u013evek dokument, ktor\u00fd je \u201cn\u00e1vodom na pou\u017eitie\u201d. Zamestnanci by ich mali zaka\u017ed\u00fdm vyp\u013a\u0148a\u0165 presne rovnak\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom, aby podnik mohol zosta\u0165 konzistentn\u00fd. \u0160tandardn\u00e9 pracovn\u00e9 postupy pom\u00e1haj\u00fa udr\u017eiava\u0165 bezpe\u010dnos\u0165 a efekt\u00edvnos\u0165 oddelen\u00ed, ako s\u00fa v\u00fdroba, prev\u00e1dzka, predaj a slu\u017eby z\u00e1kazn\u00edkom, \u0161kolenia zamestnancov, pr\u00e1vne, finan\u010dn\u00e9,...<\/p>\n\n\n\n

St\u00e1ly pracovn\u00fd postup by nikdy nemal by\u0165 \u0165a\u017eko \u010ditate\u013en\u00fd alebo nejasne formulovan\u00fd. Mal by by\u0165 stru\u010dn\u00fd, zrozumite\u013en\u00fd a obsahova\u0165 kroky, ktor\u00e9 sa daj\u00fa jednoducho dodr\u017eiava\u0165. Dobr\u00fd \u0161tandardn\u00fd pracovn\u00fd postup by mal jasne na\u010drtn\u00fa\u0165 jednotliv\u00e9 kroky a informova\u0165 zamestnanca o v\u0161etk\u00fdch bezpe\u010dnostn\u00fdch ot\u00e1zkach.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

SOP s\u00fa neoddelite\u013enou s\u00fa\u010das\u0165ou kontroly kvality a zni\u017eovania riz\u00edk. Od leteckej v\u00fdroby a\u017e po farmaceutick\u00fa v\u00fdrobu a z\u00e1kazn\u00edcke slu\u017eby, dobr\u00e9 SOP s\u00fa viac ako len byrokratick\u00e1 byrokracia. Tieto p\u00edsomn\u00e9 dokumenty predstavuj\u00fa \u0161tandardizovan\u00e9 recepty na to, kto, \u010do, kedy a kde by mal vykon\u00e1va\u0165. A ak s\u00fa SOP zle nap\u00edsan\u00e9 alebo implementovan\u00e9, d\u00f4sledky m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 hroziv\u00e9. St\u00e1le opera\u010dn\u00e9 postupy by mali by\u0165 z\u00e1kladom pre \u0161kolenie v\u0161etk\u00fdch nov\u00ed zamestnanci<\/a>. Mali by sa tie\u017e ka\u017ed\u00fd rok aktualizova\u0165, aby sa zabezpe\u010dilo, \u017ee bud\u00fa zodpoveda\u0165 aktu\u00e1lnym potreb\u00e1m organiz\u00e1cie. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\"\"<\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

Rozdiel medzi SWI a SOP<\/h2>\n\n\n\n

Zatia\u013e \u010do SOP s\u00fa dokumenty najvy\u0161\u0161ej \u00farovne, ktor\u00e9 zamestnancom ur\u010duj\u00fa, ak\u00e9 \u010dinnosti maj\u00fa vykon\u00e1va\u0165 za r\u00f4znych okolnost\u00ed, pracovn\u00e9 pokyny tieto \u010dinnosti podrobne opisuj\u00fa. Tieto in\u0161trukcie nemusia by\u0165 nevyhnutne dlh\u00e9 alebo obsiahle. Mali by by\u0165 \u010do najjasnej\u0161ie a najstru\u010dnej\u0161ie. Pracovn\u00e9 pokyny by mali by\u0165 z\u00fa\u017een\u00e9 na jednotliv\u00e9 \u00falohy v r\u00e1mci SOP. To je tie\u017e to, \u010do ISO 9001<\/a> vy\u017eaduje, aby spolo\u010dnosti definovali:<\/p>\n\n\n\n